Passive in all tenses
🎯 Po co Ci to? Żeby zbudować stronę bierną w dowolnym czasie, wystarczy jedna reguła: be w czasie zdania czynnego + III forma. Egzamin sprawdza tę regułę w transformacjach (limit wyrazów wymusza pominięcie wykonawcy), w lukach z ramką (was, been, being) i w tekstach, gdzie strona bierna jest po prostu naturalna.
W kursie: 11.1 (present/past), 12.1 (wszystkie czasy), 12.2 (opis procesu), 14.2.
📐 Gramatyka w pigułce — budowa we wszystkich czasach
| Czas | Strona czynna | Strona bierna |
|---|---|---|
| Present Simple | They make it of wood. | It is made of wood. |
| Present Continuous | They are repairing the road. | The road is being repaired. |
| Past Simple | The storm destroyed the building. | The building was destroyed by the storm. |
| Past Continuous | They were watching his every step. | His every step was being watched. |
| Present Perfect | They have just delivered the parcel. | The parcel has just been delivered. |
| Past Perfect | They had cancelled the meeting. | The meeting had been cancelled. |
| Future Simple | They will serve the meal in a moment. | The meal will be served in a moment. |
| be going to | They**'re going to close** the shop. | The shop is going to be closed. |
| modal | You must finish it today. | It must be finished today. |
| modal + have [R] | They must have made the curtains of special fabric. | The curtains must have been made of special fabric. |
Wykonawcę dodajemy przez by tylko wtedy, gdy jest ważny albo nieoczywisty. A window was broken (by someone) — pomijamy; the novel was written by Tokarczuk — zostawiamy.
📐 Gramatyka w pigułce — kiedy strona bierna
| Powód | Przykład |
|---|---|
| wykonawca nieznany lub nieistotny | My bike was stolen last night. |
| ważniejsza jest czynność lub odbiorca | The new bridge will be opened in May. |
| styl formalny, naukowy, instrukcja | The samples are heated to 80°C. Applications must be submitted by Friday. |
| dwa dopełnienia: odbiorca na początku | I was given a second chance. (= A second chance was given to me.) |
⚠️ Częste błędy polskich uczniów
- ✗ The road is repairing now. → ✓ The road is being repaired now.
- ✗ The parcel has delivered. → ✓ The parcel has been delivered.
- ✗ It was build in 1900. → ✓ It was built in 1900. (III forma)
- ✗ The letter will send tomorrow. → ✓ The letter will be sent tomorrow.
- ✗ This car was made by Japan. → ✓ This car was made in Japan. (by tylko dla wykonawcy)
💭 Pomyśl
💭 Pomyśl: „Someone stole my bike" i „My bike was stolen". Oba są poprawne. Dlaczego prawie każdy powie to drugie?
Sprawdź odpowiedź
Bo złodziej jest nieznany i nieistotny, a ważny jest rower i to, że go nie ma. Strona czynna zmusza do wstawienia podmiotu someone, który nic nie wnosi. Strona bierna stawia na początku to, o czym naprawdę mówisz. Wybór strony to wybór tematu zdania, nie ozdobnik.
✍️ Ćwiczenia — przekształć na stronę bierną (wykonawcę pomiń, gdy zbędny)
- They built this bridge in 1908.
- Someone is cleaning the classroom now.
- The council has closed the swimming pool.
- They will announce the results on Monday.
- You must return the books by Friday.
- People speak Portuguese in Brazil.
Sprawdź odpowiedź
- This bridge was built in 1908. · 2. The classroom is being cleaned now. · 3. The swimming pool has been closed (by the council). · 4. The results will be announced on Monday. · 5. The books must be returned by Friday. · 6. Portuguese is spoken in Brazil.
📋 Na egzaminie
- Transformacja: Nobody has used this room for years. BEEN → This room ___ for years.
- Transformacja: They are going to build a new hospital here. GOING → A new hospital ___ here.
- Tłumaczenie fragmentu: The final match ___ (zostanie rozegrany) on Sunday.
- Luka z ramką (was / were / been / being): The old cinema ___ (1) turned into a bookshop last year. While the building ___ (2) renovated, a mural ___ (3) found under the paint.
Sprawdź odpowiedź
- This room hasn't been used for years. · 2. A new hospital is going to be built here. · 3. …will be played on Sunday. · 4. was … was being … was.