Mixed tenses 2: past (czasy w narracji)

🎯 Po co Ci to? Tekst z lukami o przeszłości sprawdza jedno: czy potrafisz ustawić zdarzenia w czasie, gdy nikt nie mówi, którego czasu użyć. Tu trenujesz wybór między Past Simple, Past Continuous, Past Perfect (i w rozszerzeniu Past Perfect Continuous) oraz used to / would na całych akapitach.

📐 Cztery pytania do każdej luki

  1. Czy to kolejne zdarzenie akcji? → Past Simple.
  2. Czy to tło, czynność w toku, gdy coś się stało? → Past Continuous.
  3. Czy to coś, co zdarzyło się wcześniej niż zdarzenie, o którym właśnie mowa? → Past Perfect.
  4. Czy to dawny zwyczaj lub stan, którego już nie ma? → used to (czynność powtarzalna w narracji: także would).

Czytaj cały akapit, nie samo zdanie: punkt odniesienia dla Past Perfect bywa dwa zdania wcześniej.

✍️ Ćwiczenie A — opowiadanie z lukami

Last summer I ___ (1 GO) to Scotland with two friends. We ___ (2 PLAN) the trip for months, so everything ___ (3 BE) ready. On the first day, while we ___ (4 WALK) along the coast, it suddenly ___ (5 START) to rain. We ___ (6 NOT/BRING) waterproof jackets, because the forecast ___ (7 PROMISE) sunshine. By the time we ___ (8 FIND) a café, we ___ (9 GET) completely wet. The owner ___ (10 LAUGH), ___ (11 GIVE) us towels and ___ (12 SAY) that tourists always ___ (13 MAKE) the same mistake. Years ago, she ___ (14 USE) to hand out umbrellas for free.

Sprawdź odpowiedź

1 went · 2 had planned / had been planning · 3 was · 4 were walking · 5 started · 6 hadn't brought · 7 had promised · 8 found · 9 had got · 10 laughed · 11 gave · 12 said · 13 made / make (zwyczaj wciąż aktualny: make też poprawne) · 14 used.

✍️ Ćwiczenie B — dwa zdania, jedna historia

Połącz zdania w jedno, ustawiając czasy tak, by kolejność była jasna.

  1. The film started. Then we arrived. (when)
  2. I was cooking. The lights went out. (while)
  3. He lived in Paris for ten years. Then he moved to Lyon. (before)
  4. She read the letter. Then she started to cry. (after)
Sprawdź odpowiedź
  1. When we arrived, the film had (already) started. · 2. While I was cooking, the lights went out. · 3. He had lived in Paris for ten years before he moved to Lyon. · 4. After she had read the letter, she started to cry. (albo After reading the letter…)

📋 Na egzaminie — transformacje mieszane

  1. We arrived at the station. The train had already left. BY → The train had already left ___ at the station.
  2. I was in the middle of a phone call and the doorbell rang. WHEN → I ___ the doorbell rang.
  3. She doesn't play the piano any more. USED → She ___ the piano.
  4. It was my first time on a plane. NEVER → I ___ before.
Sprawdź odpowiedź
  1. …left by the time we arrived at the station. · 2. I was on the phone when the doorbell rang. · 3. She used to play the piano. · 4. I had never flown / had never been on a plane before.

🔍 [R] Ćwiczenie C — narracja z Past Perfect Continuous i would

My grandmother ___ (1 TEACH) in the village school for forty years when she finally retired. Every morning she ___ (2 WALK) the same two kilometres, whatever the weather. On her last day, the whole village ___ (3 WAIT) outside the school. Somebody ___ (4 ORGANISE) a surprise party and the children ___ (5 PREPARE) a show for weeks. She ___ (6 CRY), of course. She ___ (7 ALWAYS/SAY) she hated surprises, but nobody ___ (8 BELIEVE) her.

Sprawdź odpowiedź

1 had been teaching · 2 would walk / used to walk · 3 was waiting · 4 had organised · 5 had been preparing · 6 cried · 7 had always said / always said / would always say · 8 believed.

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