Future Perfect Simple and Continuous · will vs Future Perfect

🎯 Po co Ci to? Zakres rozszerzony. Future Perfect patrzy na przyszłość z jeszcze dalszej przyszłości: „do tego czasu będzie już zrobione". Rozpoznasz go po by (by the evening, by the time I retire, by 2040). Continuous dodaje „jak długo będzie trwało do tego momentu" (In September I will have been working here for 20 years).

W kursie: 8.5 [R], 12.4 [R].

📐 Gramatyka w pigułce — budowa

Forma	Twierdzenie	Przeczenie	Pytanie
Future Perfect Simple	By 8 they will have arrived.	We won't have finished by then.	Will you have left by 6?
Future Perfect Continuous	In September I will have been working here for 20 years.	She won't have been waiting long.	How long will you have been studying by June?

will have + trzecia forma · will have been + -ing.

📐 Gramatyka w pigułce — użycie i kontrast

will	Future Perfect
I**'ll finish** the essay tomorrow. (kiedy to zrobię)	I**'ll have finished** the essay by tomorrow. (do tego momentu będzie gotowe)
They**'ll arrive** in the evening.	They**'ll have arrived** by the evening. (najpóźniej wieczorem, może wcześniej)

Future Perfect Simple	Future Perfect Continuous
By June I**'ll have read** all the set books. (liczba, wynik)	By June I**'ll have been reading** for this exam for a year. (jak długo)
By 2030 the town will have built a new bridge.	By 2030 they will have been building it for five years.

Ta sama para co w 16.4 i 17.4: wynik → Simple, trwanie → Continuous, stany tylko w Simple. Po by the time + zdanie czasowe stoi Present Simple, nie will: By the time you get home, I'll have cooked dinner.

⚠️ Typowe błędy

• ✗ By 2030 I will graduate. → ✓ By 2030 I will have graduated. (by wskazuje na Perfect)
• ✗ By the time you will arrive, we'll have left. → ✓ By the time you arrive…
• ✗ I will have been knowing him for ten years. → ✓ I will have known him… (stan)

💭 Pomyśl

💭 Pomyśl: „I'll pay off the loan in 2030" i „I'll have paid off the loan by 2030". W którym zdaniu ostatnia rata może przypaść na rok 2028?

Sprawdź odpowiedź

W drugim. By 2030 znaczy „najpóźniej w 2030, a być może wcześniej”: rok 2030 to granica, nie termin. In 2030 wskazuje konkretny rok spłaty. Future Perfect zawsze ustawia zdarzenie przed jakimś punktem, a nie w nim.

✍️ Ćwiczenia

1. By the end of this year, I ___ (learn) 2,000 new words.
2. Next month my parents ___ (be) married for 25 years.
3. Don't worry, the painters ___ (finish) by the time you get back.
4. By 2050, scientists ___ (probably/find) a cure for most cancers.
5. In two weeks she ___ (train) for the marathon for six months. (Continuous)

Sprawdź odpowiedź

1. 'll have learnt / learned · 2. will have been (stan: Simple) · 3. will have finished · 4. will probably have found · 5. will have been training.

📋 Na egzaminie

1. Transformacja: I started this job in 2020, so in 2030 it will be ten years. BEEN → In 2030 I ___ ten years.
2. Tłumaczenie fragmentu: Come at 8 — ___ (do tego czasu skończymy) dinner.

Sprawdź odpowiedź

1. In 2030 I will have been working here / doing this job for ten years.
2. …we'll have finished dinner by then.

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