Passive in all tenses
🎯 Po co Ci to? Żeby zbudować stronę bierną w dowolnym czasie, wystarczy jedna reguła: be w czasie zdania czynnego + III forma. Egzamin sprawdza tę regułę w transformacjach (limit wyrazów wymusza pominięcie wykonawcy), w lukach z ramką (was, been, being) i w tekstach, gdzie strona bierna jest po prostu naturalna.
W kursie: 11.1 (present/past), 12.1 (wszystkie czasy), 12.2 (opis procesu), 14.2.
📐 Gramatyka w pigułce — budowa we wszystkich czasach
| Czas | Strona czynna | Strona bierna |
|---|---|---|
| Present Simple | They make it of wood. | It is made of wood. |
| Present Continuous | They are repairing the road. | The road is being repaired. |
| Past Simple | The storm destroyed the building. | The building was destroyed by the storm. |
| Past Continuous | They were watching his every step. | His every step was being watched. |
| Present Perfect | They have just delivered the parcel. | The parcel has just been delivered. |
| Past Perfect | They had cancelled the meeting. | The meeting had been cancelled. |
| Future Simple | They will serve the meal in a moment. | The meal will be served in a moment. |
| be going to | They**'re going to close** the shop. | The shop is going to be closed. |
| modal | You must finish it today. | It must be finished today. |
| modal + have [R] | They must have made the curtains of special fabric. | The curtains must have been made of special fabric. |
Wykonawcę dodajemy przez by tylko wtedy, gdy jest ważny albo nieoczywisty. A window was broken (by someone) — pomijamy; the novel was written by Tokarczuk — zostawiamy.
📐 Gramatyka w pigułce — kiedy strona bierna
| Powód | Przykład |
|---|---|
| wykonawca nieznany lub nieistotny | My bike was stolen last night. |
| ważniejsza jest czynność lub odbiorca | The new bridge will be opened in May. |
| styl formalny, naukowy, instrukcja | The samples are heated to 80°C. Applications must be submitted by Friday. |
| dwa dopełnienia: odbiorca na początku | I was given a second chance. (= A second chance was given to me.) |
⚠️ Częste błędy polskich uczniów
- ✗ The road is repairing now. → ✓ The road is being repaired now.
- ✗ The parcel has delivered. → ✓ The parcel has been delivered.
- ✗ It was build in 1900. → ✓ It was built in 1900. (III forma)
- ✗ The letter will send tomorrow. → ✓ The letter will be sent tomorrow.
- ✗ This car was made by Japan. → ✓ This car was made in Japan. (by tylko dla wykonawcy)
💭 Pomyśl
💭 Pomyśl: „Someone stole my bike" i „My bike was stolen". Oba są poprawne. Dlaczego prawie każdy powie to drugie?
Sprawdź odpowiedź
Bo złodziej jest nieznany i nieistotny, a ważny jest rower i to, że go nie ma. Strona czynna zmusza do wstawienia podmiotu someone, który nic nie wnosi. Strona bierna stawia na początku to, o czym naprawdę mówisz. Wybór strony to wybór tematu zdania, nie ozdobnik.
✍️ Ćwiczenia — przekształć na stronę bierną (wykonawcę pomiń, gdy zbędny)
- They built this bridge in 1908.
- Someone is cleaning the classroom now.
- The council has closed the swimming pool.
- They will announce the results on Monday.
- You must return the books by Friday.
- People speak Portuguese in Brazil.
Sprawdź odpowiedź
- This bridge was built in 1908. · 2. The classroom is being cleaned now. · 3. The swimming pool has been closed (by the council). · 4. The results will be announced on Monday. · 5. The books must be returned by Friday. · 6. Portuguese is spoken in Brazil.
📋 Na egzaminie
- Transformacja: Nobody has used this room for years. BEEN → This room ___ for years.
- Transformacja: They are going to build a new hospital here. GOING → A new hospital ___ here.
- Tłumaczenie fragmentu: The final match ___ (zostanie rozegrany) on Sunday.
- Luka z ramką (was / were / been / being): The old cinema ___ (1) turned into a bookshop last year. While the building ___ (2) renovated, a mural ___ (3) found under the paint.
Sprawdź odpowiedź
- This room hasn't been used for years. · 2. A new hospital is going to be built here. · 3. …will be played on Sunday. · 4. was … was being … was.
🔍 [R] Subtelności: get zamiast be, dwa dopełnienia, bezokolicznik i -ing w stronie biernej
- Get + III forma w mowie potocznej o zdarzeniach nagłych: He got hit by a car. I got paid yesterday.
- Dwa dopełnienia, dwa podmioty: They gave me a prize → I was given a prize (naturalniejsze) / A prize was given to me.
- Bezokolicznik bierny po modalach i czasownikach: The meeting had to be cancelled. She wants to be left alone.
- -ing w stronie biernej: She likes being admired. I hate being told what to do.
- Was made to: po make w stronie biernej wraca to: They made me give a speech → I was made to give a speech. Podobnie was seen to leave (obok was seen leaving).
✍️ [R] Ćwiczenie. Przekształć: (a) The manager made us stay late. (MADE) (b) Nobody likes it when people criticise them in public. (BEING) (c) They had to postpone the concert. (BE)
Sprawdź odpowiedź
(a) We were made to stay late. (b) Nobody likes being criticised in public. (c) The concert had to be postponed.